Building a Home: What to Expect From a Structural Engineer Home Inspection

Are you planning to remodel your home, maybe add an extra room or extend the deck? Or maybe you want to start construction on a project but find a few red flags that prevent you from starting? If so, you might want to look into hiring a structural engineer to inspect your home. Right now, there are about 4.54 million structural engineers nationwide. As more people realize how important it is to inspect their homes, that number only continues to grow. And for good reason. 

A structural engineer home inspection assesses the structural integrity of a house. These engineers follow a series of guidelines that will help determine if the building is safe enough for a remodel or construction. 

Why A Structural Engineer Home Inspection Is Important 

Structural engineers are integral to every building project. They’ll create drawings, reports, and evaluations based on the construction site. They also work closely with almost every part of the building project such as the architects, other engineers, contractors, and more. 

These inspections keep the homeowner and those around them safe. So, if you or the home inspector ever suspect that something may be wrong with your home – hire a structural engineer to give it a look. 

When Is a Structural Inspection Needed?

There are many reasons why a home would need a structural inspection. A few of the most common reasons are listed below.

Selling and Buying a Home 

When buying a house, you would want to make sure that you’re getting something worthy of a long-term investment. Getting the house structurally inspected is a great way to ensure that your investment is worth it and is great for peace of mind.  The same applies to selling your house. Buyers are observant when it comes to inspecting homes and will back away immediately the moment they see anything wrong with it. 

To prevent that, you can hire a structural engineer to inspect your home. That way, you get to repair and make your home appealing to buyers. 

Home Renovations 

While it depends on the area, some cities require a structural engineer home inspection to take place. It’s also important for your plans to be revised and approved before any construction can take place. Hiring a structural engineer can speed this process along. 

This is because some renovations will need load-bearing components to be altered, especially when adding and removing walls, flooring, or installing new features such as a deck or patio. 

Structural Issues Detected

With home structures, one problem could be the beginning of a slew of issues that can drain your bank account and cause unnecessary inconveniences if not detected immediately. 

Structural engineers will point out all that is wrong with the structure of your home and give you an estimate of how much it would cost to get it all fixed. 

Natural Disasters and Insurance

Storms, snow, and hail are some examples of natural phenomena that can cause a lot of damage to a home. However, insurance companies may not always agree with what you have said.

A structural engineering home inspection can help you prove your claims, thus saving you from having to pay for repairs out of your own pocket.  

What to Expect in a Structural Inspection 

Each inspection may differ slightly due to the home and area. However, all inspections tend to focus on these components. Here are some of them;

Foundation

A home’s foundation is one of the most important elements in its structure and yet it’s the one that is easily overlooked by the untrained eye.

A structural engineer is capable of pointing out the issues in a home’s foundation, thus saving you time and money. They’ll be able to point out cracks, if the change of season is causing the free-thaw effect, or if the foundation has shifted in any way that could indicate a deeper issue. 

Walls 

While it is natural to expect a few cracks here and there on your walls, sometimes these cracks may indicate a larger problem at hand. Large cracks around the openings of your house like doors and windows can indicate an issue with your home’s structure. 

Beams, Joists, and Studs  

These elements are vital to a home’s structure but are often victims of rot and termite infestations. These issues often go unnoticed until too late, but a structural engineer would be able to help. 

They would look at the exposed features in a home for any clues of warping or bulging that indicate a sign of termites or rotting. 

Roofing

Structural engineers would inspect the roof to make sure that the design holds up. In areas where strong winds and snowfall are common, the roof structure must have no chance of giving in for the safety of those who are living in the house. 

7 Benefits of Hiring a Building Engineer for Your Next Project

Home extensions and additions increased by 52% during the pandemic, but people aren’t stopping there. Besides homeowners, other people like building contractors, general contractors, and architects are starting projects; now the world has opened up again. However, having an idea for a project is one thing; getting the right professionals for the job is another. 

A building engineer with knowledge of materials science, applied mathematics, and mechanical engineering will be a lifesaver when you start working on a project. 

A building engineer, or structural engineer, is there to help with everything you need. These professionals can help with the skeleton of a building to the small details near completion.

Here are the benefits of hiring a building engineer.

• A building engineer has the skills to create buildings that will withstand different loads and weights.
• For instance, a structure like this must hold the weight of the building and the people inside.
• Plus, external factors like the weather will test a building’s structure. So, you want to ensure it’s bulletproof when disasters hit. 
• But, to most of us, this is not in our skillset. That’s why you need a building engineer to step in and take care of your design. 

However, some people get confused between engineers, architects, and contractors as they all work on buildings. To keep it simple, here is a breakdown of each of these roles and how they come together.

Architect

When planning a project, the architect considers the design layout of the space and is involved in the planning phase. Usually, architects focus on aesthetics, design, and functionality. 

Civil Engineer

A civil engineer is also focused on the design elements of a space, whereas a building engineer is more concerned with the materials used to build the structure. 

Contractors

Contractors are the people who use the design concepts and bring them to life. Without them, building projects wouldn’t exist. 

1. Consider Structural Changes

These roles are essential when starting a building project like a home remodel as everything needs to fall into place. The load inside your home will change when you’re adding rooms to a space or expanding a room. Hiring a building project engineer will provide you with information about your house and if the foundation will be affected by the remodel.

For instance, this is useful if you’re considering knocking down a wall in your bedroom.

One of the benefits of an engineer like this is that they can tell you whether the space you want to get rid of is load-bearing or not. Then, you can take steps to reassess what upgrades you want to make. 

2. Spot Structural Damage 

Whether you want to remodel a home or build a house from scratch, you need to consider potential structural damage before investing any money. 

Otherwise, you could run into issues later on when a building collapses because repairs were not carried out sooner.

Some common warning signs are as follows:

• Cracks in the wall
• Sticking doors and windows
• Uneven floors 
• Constant moisture

If any of these signs are noticed on your property, it’s best to get a professional to look. 

3. Prepare for the Weather

The elements can lead to severe building issues, especially if the structure hasn’t been built correctly.

Hiring an engineer will ensure that your property is fully protected from snow, rain, strong winds, and other extreme weather conditions.

4. Installing Power Sources

Another reason people decide to work as building engineers is that they want to install power sources and don’t know how to do it safely. 

For instance, solar panels are great for the environment but can put a lot of extra weight on your home or commercial property. As many roofs aren’t made to hold these panels, a building engineer will tell you if it’s possible.

5. Ensure Everything Is Safe

Not only is protecting your building against the elements a top priority when renovating a home or designing a structure, but making sure everyone is safe inside should be a top concern. 

Therefore, double-check that the space can take the number of people you expect to be inside.

6. Choose the Right Materials

As mentioned earlier in the article, materials are also crucial in starting a building project. If you don’t have the suitable materials, walls could erode, and your home could be ruined. 

However, materials are also important for commercial properties as well. A building engineer will make sure the materials are weather-resistant and durable.

7. Build a New Structure

Finally, one of the main reasons you should hire a building engineer is if you plan on building a space from scratch. Even though this doesn’t directly link to home renovations, you might be so excited you want to build something else! 

Likewise, you never know when you might want to expand and build another space for business properties. So, having a good relationship with a building engineer with save you time and money in the long term. 

Contact us today! We would love to be apart of your next project!

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5 Ways To Protect Your Asphalt Driveway

An asphalt driveway surface can last quite a few years without too many problems. There are some basic steps you can take to preserve the surface and help it maintain good looks and function longer. 

Below are five ways to help preserve your asphalt driveway from the start.

1.) Asphalt Surface Sealant

Have a protective seal sprayed over the surface of your driveway at regularly scheduled intervals. The surface can be inspected at the time to check for uneven areas and damage. This is not something that has to be done each year, but an expert asphalt paver will recommend the best course of action for your surface. It may need to be dome more frequently as your driveway ages.

2.) Limit Weight On Hot Days

Heat can tend to make the asphalt surface your pliable under tremendous weight. The hottest days of summer are not the best times to have several cars parked in your driveway at one time. You may want to find another area to park a huge RV or piece of heavy equipment. You can have a small area of gravel placed for heavier vehicles to park on.

3.) Repair all Damage Right Away

Once there are dings and potholes made on the asphalt surface, it leads to further damage. This can all happen quickly. Take the time to have all visible damage repaired as fast as possible to protect the overall integrity of the driveway.

4.) Seal Cracks Each Season

Cracks in the asphalt surface can happen for many reasons, but seasonal temperature changes are part of the problem. Use a quality sealer to mend any cracks that form. This will help extend the life of your asphalt driveway. The color of the material is black and matches well with the surface.

5.) Provide Good Drainage

Excess amounts of rain and snowmelt on your asphalt driveway will begin to degrade the surface. It will eventually find a way down and cause pitting, potholes, and foundation sinking. Leaving the surface uneven is a set up for even more serious problems down the road.

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Fatigue Failure And How To Prevent

Fatigue failure is a common issue faced by civil engineers. It occurs when a structural element experiences repeated loadings over time, leading to material degradation and a decrease in strength. With the right knowledge and preventative measures in place, it can avoid fatigue failure and ensure the safety and longevity of its structures.

What is Fatigue Failure

The development and spread of cracks as a result of a cyclic or repetitive load are known as fatigue failures. The majority of fatigue failures are brought on by cyclic loads that are far lower than those that would cause material yielding. The failure happens because of the load’s cyclical nature, which causes minute faults in the material to enlarge and form a macroscopic crack (initiation phase). The component may then fail structurally or at the pressure boundary if the crack continues to grow until it reaches a critical size.

Normal locations for the onset of fatigue fractures are stress concentrations and structural discontinuities. Additionally, fatigue cracks can spread from already-existing macroscopic cracks, such as weld flaws. Stress corrosion cracking is the result of the combination of the two effects (corrosion and fatigue cracking), which can be superimposed on a corrosion process.

Problems with Fatigue Failures

Steel bridge fatigue failure is a serious issue that has an impact on how long existing steel bridges will function. The weakening of steel components or accumulation of damage in a specific area brought on by cyclic loading or repeatedly applied stresses can be referred to as fatigue. When the nominal maximum stress is still much below the material strength as determined by the material testing, the material may become damaged in this situation. Microscopic cracks start to appear at areas of concentrated stress when the material is repeatedly loaded above a specific threshold. The steel members will then unexpectedly shatter as the crack spreads.

Design Considerations

When designing welded components that will be subject to cyclic loads, fatigue failure analysis is crucial. Welded components, which are typically found in steel structures, call for specific attention throughout the fatigue analysis procedure. It’s crucial to understand the components needed and the process for estimating the life and performing fatigue failure analysis on welded structures.

How Fatigue Failure Occurs

A fatigue failure is a sudden, unexpected, and often catastrophic structural failure of a metal component. The primary cause of fatigue cracking is the repeated application and removal of loads from a metal structure, but it can also be caused by corrosion and residual stresses in the metal itself.

How to Prevent Fatigue Failures

The most common way to prevent fatigue failure is to ensure that there are no operational defects or damage present on the structure. Cracks on metal structures provide an easy path for the initiation of fatigue cracks, so these should be inspected regularly and repaired immediately if any defects are found.

A reduction in loading cycles can also help to prevent fatigue failure. This can be achieved through regular inspection and maintenance, as well as implementing load limits for specific operations. Altering work procedures can also limit the amount of loading that structures endure, such as by restricting access during times when heavy machinery is used nearby.

In addition to the steps that can be taken to prevent fatigue failure, it is also important for civil engineers to be aware of the signs that indicate that a structure may be at risk. These can include cracks, corrosion, and deformation. If any of these signs are observed, it is essential to investigate the cause and take measures to address the issue. With early detection and intervention, the damage caused by fatigue failure can be minimized. 

Civil engineers must be diligent in both the prevention and detection of fatigue failure. By taking measures to reduce the risk and being aware of the signs of damage, civil engineers can keep their structures safe and reliable for many years to come.

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Important Facts About Old Bricks

From building houses to constructing great monuments, bricks have been the backbone of construction for centuries. They are durable, versatile, and cost-effective. One of the most interesting types of bricks is the old brick. Old bricks have a unique charm that cannot be replicated by modern bricks. They have survived the test of time and carry with them the stories of the past.

What are Old Bricks?

Old bricks are bricks that have been salvaged from old buildings or structures. They are typically over 50 years old and have a unique patina that gives them a distinct character. Old bricks can be found in a range of shapes and sizes, and their color and texture vary depending on the materials used to make them.

History of Old Bricks

Brick-making dates back to ancient times, with evidence of brick structures found in the ruins of Babylon and ancient Egypt. The use of bricks became more widespread during the Roman Empire, and the popularity of bricks continued to grow throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance. In the United States, bricks were used extensively during the colonial period and throughout the 19th century.

Characteristics of Old Bricks

• Size and Shape

Old bricks come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Some are standard sizes, while others are irregular. The most common shapes are rectangular and square, but some old bricks have rounded edges or other unique shapes.

• Color and Texture

Old bricks have a unique patina that gives them a distinct color and texture. The color can range from light to dark, with variations in hue throughout the brick. The texture can be rough or smooth, with chips, cracks, and other imperfections adding to the character of the brick.

• Durability

Old bricks are known for their durability. They have stood the test of time and are still in use today. Because of their strength and resilience, they are often used in restoration projects.

Uses of Old Bricks

• Landscaping

Old bricks can be used to create beautiful landscaping features, such as walkways, patios, and retaining walls. They add character and charm to outdoor spaces and can be arranged in a variety of patterns.

• Restoration

Old bricks are often used in restoration projects, where they can be used to match the existing brickwork. They are also used to repair or replace damaged bricks in old buildings.

• Decoration

Old bricks can be used as decoration in a variety of ways. They can be used to create accent walls, fireplace surrounds, and other decorative features. They can also be used to create unique furniture pieces, such as bookcases or end tables.

• Art

Old bricks can be used as a medium for art. Artists use old bricks to create sculptures, murals, and other works of art.

Benefits of Using Old Bricks

• Aesthetics

Old bricks have a unique charm and character that cannot be replicated by new bricks. They add warmth and personality to any space and can enhance the aesthetic appeal of a building or outdoor area.

• Sustainability

Using old bricks is a sustainable choice because it keeps the bricks out of landfills and reduces the need for new brick production. Additionally, because old bricks are often salvaged, they do not require the energy-intensive production processes associated with new brick production.

• Cost-effective

Old bricks can be a cost-effective choice because they are often less expensive than new bricks. Additionally, because they are durable and long-lasting, they can save money over the long term by reducing the need for frequent repairs or replacements.

Old bricks are a fascinating and versatile building material that offer a range of benefits. From their unique character and charm to their sustainability and cost-effectiveness, old bricks have a lot to offer. By exploring their history, characteristics, uses, and benefits, we can appreciate the wonder of these timeless building blocks.

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What Is a Granny Flat?

A granny flat is designed for one or two persons, a granny flat is a self-contained living area usually located on the grounds of a single-family home. A granny flat can be detached, or it can be attached to the other dwelling. Commonly called a granny flat because families can accommodate aging parents, it is more appropriately called an accessory dwelling unit.

What Is an Accessory Dwelling Unit?

A granny flat is formally called an accessory apartment or dwelling unit (ADU) in the building industry. Other colloquial terms include granny pod, mother-in-law unit, in-law apartment, bonus unit, casita, carriage unit, and ohana unit (primarily in Hawaii).

Many granny flats fall into the tiny house category, and the surge in interest in tiny house living has been a boon to older parents interested in this type of housing.

Granny flats or tiny homes may be used for nannies or young adult members of the family. They are sometimes used as rental units, but zoning laws and deed restrictions sometimes ban renting.

Multigenerational housing and granny flats are popular with realtors and builders because of their increased marketability, making them another good selling point for a property.

Amenities in a Granny Flat

Some granny flats are miniature versions of full-sized housing units with complete kitchens. In others, kitchen facilities are limited, perhaps to a mini-fridge and microwave, which involve fewer safety issues than full kitchens.

The Granny Pod 

The newest wrinkle in the granny flat business is popularly called a granny pod. It offers high-tech monitoring capabilities so the inhabitant can be checked on via remote access. Other devices include a timed medication dispenser. The amenities that can be installed include a toilet that checks the temperature and does simple urinalysis.

Difficulty of Adding a Granny Flat

Barriers to the growth of granny flats include municipal statutes, zoning laws, building restrictions, neighborhood covenants, and other regulations. In many cases, homeowners ignore or circumvent such rules, which is relatively easy when converting a garage or other existing structure but less so when building a new one.

New construction is also more expensive, and homeowners may find it challenging to get financing. Connecting utilities can also be costly. Some municipalities require that driveways and off-street parking be provided for the granny flat occupant, which can add to expenses or be entirely unfeasible for specific properties.

The growth of the prefabricated or modular building industry has made it easier for some homeowners to add a granny flat, but this type of structure may be prohibited in some localities.

Advantages of Adding a Granny Flat

Besides providing living space, the granny flat offers other advantages. There is greater security with another tenant on the property, primarily if the apartment is oriented toward the side or back of the lot. Tenants can sometimes share transportation and other amenities with the occupants of the main house. Sometimes, they can share childcare, lawn care, and other maintenance tasks.

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Everything You Need To Know About Cracks In Foundation

A typical home weighs between 200 and 275 pounds per square foot, not including its foundation. Your home’s concrete and block foundation has a big responsibility supporting that kind of weight. It’s little wonder that sometimes it can show signs of stress in the form of visible cracks.

Noticing cracks in the foundation, whether casually or during a home inspection, doesn’t necessarily mean your home is in danger of toppling. However, in some cases, the problem can be severe and requires immediate attention. Knowing how and why foundation cracks form and what you can do about them is crucial in determining the next steps when they appear.

Why Do Foundations Crack?

House foundations crack for several reasons. The cause often determines the necessary repair method, if repairs are needed at all.

Construction Procedures

The foundation’s construction can sometimes be at fault. Soil that wasn’t adequately compacted before pouring can compress under the structure’s weight and leave the foundation without support. The cracks that result vary in severity, and the repair can be simple or complex.

Other construction issues that can cause severe cracking include undersized foundation footings and weak or improperly mixed concrete. Minor, typically benign, cracks can appear during concrete or mortar curing.

Settling Foundation

Even if the foundation was installed using proper techniques, the ground under and near the concrete could naturally shift over time. Water erosion and soil creep on a hill can displace soil material and leave sections of your foundation unsupported.

Various types of cracks can form when the foundation settles into the void created by displaced soil. The severity of the situation will determine the best repair solution.

Groundwater Pressure Issue

Cracks of varying severity can appear in foundations of any age if the inward groundwater pressure on the structure changes. The changes can happen when the ground becomes excessively dry or wet, causing the soil to contract or expand.

Tree roots, erosion, droughts, floods, poor drainage, frost heave or any other significant change to the soil’s environment can produce foundation cracks.

Often, groundwater pressure issues create the most severe foundation cracks that require immediate repairs to stop the problem from worsening.

Types of Foundation Cracks

Foundation cracks are a scary sight for any homeowner. Although you should investigate any cracks in your home’s foundation, not all of them are signs of imminent danger.

Hairline Foundation Cracks

Thin uniform or hairline cracks are the most common. Typically, these are harmless and can form days or weeks after a new foundation is installed. Hairline cracks are often a result of the concrete or mortar drying out as it cures. In older homes, hairline cracks can appear as a sign of concrete aging and are also not cause for alarm.

However, if small cracks turn into significant gaps or start allowing groundwater or rainwater to seep into the basement or crawlspace, it’s time for a deeper inspection to determine if they threaten the foundation’s integrity.

Vertical Foundation Cracks

Finding thin vertical cracks, regardless of their length, is usually nothing to worry about unless they leak water, increase in width, are numerous or include wall bowing. Typically, this type of crack results from minor groundwater pressure changes from soil contraction and expansion.

If the crack becomes wider than the thickness of a coin, it’s time to call for professional assessment and repair.

Diagonal Foundation Cracks

Foundation cracks that form diagonally in concrete or through block faces signify a settling foundation. Settling can occur in new or old homes due to changing ground conditions that likely require mitigation to avoid further damage. These cracks need a professional assessment to determine if they need repair or aren’t concerning.

Horizontal Foundation Cracks

Horizontal foundation cracks of any length or thickness are a serious cause for concern, especially if accompanied by wall bowing. Significant, detrimental groundwater and soil pressure typically cause these cracks. Severe temperature changes, extensive wetness and poor drainage, lack of moisture or shifting soil are the culprits.

Consult a professional foundation repair specialist to assess and repair the situation. Landscaping services may also be necessary to alter water flow away from the house.

Stair-Step Foundation Cracks

Cracks in the mortar between several concrete foundation blocks are another sign of a settling foundation. Typically, finding cracks resembling the outline of a staircase isn’t as serious as finding horizontal cracking and is sometimes no concern at all. However, stair-step cracks can indicate real trouble if the cracks widen, leak water or extend to the block’s exterior.

Preventing Foundation Cracks

Though there’s little you can do to prevent cracks forming from age, improper construction or concrete curing, you can take steps to minimize some of the effects of changing soil. 

Consider taking these steps before finishing your basement and hiding the concrete or block behind drywall.

• Repair non-structural cracks as they appear to keep them from getting worse.
• Keep gutters and downspouts clear of debris.
• Slope the landscape away from the foundation.
• Install exterior drains if necessary.
• Limit lawn watering and repair sprinkler system failures
• Avoid planting trees or shrubs near the house.

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How Mind Mapping Can Revolutionize Your Productivity

Mind mapping might just be the solution you’ve been looking for. This powerful tool can help you organize your ideas, boost your creativity, and improve your overall productivity. 

So What Exactly Is Mind Mapping?

Mind mapping is a visual technique that allows you to organize information in a way that reflects the natural flow of your thoughts. It typically starts with a central idea or theme, and then branches out into related concepts and subtopics. This non-linear approach to note-taking and brainstorming can help you see connections between ideas that you might have otherwise missed.

How Can Mind Mapping Benefit Me?

One of the key benefits of mind mapping is its ability to stimulate creativity. By visually mapping out your ideas, you can uncover new insights and perspectives that can lead to innovative solutions. Additionally, mind mapping can help you improve your memory and retention of information, as the visual nature of the technique makes it easier for your brain to process and recall the information.

5 Ways That Mind Mapping Can Improve Your Project Management Efforts

1. Project Planning: You can create a mind map to outline the project scope, key deliverables, and major milestones. You can also use it to break down the project into smaller tasks and subtasks, assigning responsibilities and deadlines. Let’s take an example within the construction world. If you were a construction project manager you might list your project as the central bubble, communications, procurement, deliverables, etc., as the second layer, and stemming from the procurement layer you could list equipment rentals.

2. Stakeholder Management: Use mind mapping to identify project stakeholders, their roles, and their level of influence. This can help in understanding the project’s impact on different individuals or groups and managing their expectations.

3. Risk Management: All projects contain risk — it’s unavoidable. So why not get ahead of it? Create a mind map to visualize potential project risks, their causes, and potential mitigation strategies. This can help in developing a comprehensive risk management plan. Some elements you would want to consider in your plan would be the identification of risks, analysis and mitigation strategies, contingency planning, and team roles and responsibilities.

4. Decision-Making: Successful projects need successful decision-making processes. When faced with complex decisions, create a mind map to visualize the different options, their pros and cons, and potential outcomes. This can help in making informed decisions.

5. Project Monitoring and Evaluation: Use mind mapping to track project progress, visualize performance indicators, and identify areas that require attention or improvement. A great use for a mind map here could be for file organization. Projects have a lot of moving parts, and, therefore, a lot of progress to track — so organization is critical. I personally want both my files and maps to mirror each other.

To conclude, mind mapping is a versatile and powerful tool that can revolutionize the way you work and think. By embracing this visual technique, you can enhance your creativity, improve your productivity, and gain a clearer understanding of your ideas. Even more, it’s a great learning and organizational method that can be applied to engineering and project management concepts.

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6 types of nature-based solutions to consider for your next project

Working in harmony with nature can boost mental and physical health, increase productivity and deliver economic benefits. ‘Nature doesn’t need us, we need nature,’ ICE President Anusha Shah reminds us. Nature is a vital ally – we have to look after it like we look after our homes. Civil and infrastructure engineers have an important role to play in incorporating nature into the way we design, build, operate and maintain infrastructure. Nature-based solutions are an important piece of the nature-positive infrastructure puzzle.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions or measures inspired by, supported by, or copied from nature.

They may involve protecting, managing, or enhancing existing natural solutions and creating engineering solutions that mimic natural processes.

If implemented carefully, they can deliver a host of benefits for people and the planet. NBS can:

• Deliver infrastructure services in their own right. For example, they provide mental and physical health benefits by creating green spaces for people to enjoy. This takes pressure off health services and boosts productivity in the workforce, which has economic benefits.
• Complement existing infrastructure, easing maintenance requirements.
• Mitigate climate change impacts, such as flooding.
• Improve habitat biodiversity, woodland and park cover.
• Improve heat resilience, since green surfaces don’t absorb the sun’s rays and release them as heat, like brick and concrete do.

While the potential exists, nature-based solutions haven’t been developed or delivered at scale.

In part, because of a lack of awareness of the NBS options that exist. As such, we’ve shared some of the existing options below;

1. Constructed wetlands

Put simply, wetlands are areas where water meets land. From lakes and lagoons to peat bogs and salt marshes, these ecosystems are homes to a wide variety of species and help to protect us from floods and droughts. They also help us remove carbon from the atmosphere. According to Wetlands International, peatlands cover 3% of the planet’s surface, but store 30% of all land-based carbon. Wetlands can also help with pollution control, helping to treat wastewater

But since 1970, over a third of the world’s wetlands have disappeared, mostly due to:

• Pollution;
• climate change;
• invasive species; and unsustainable development, where wetlands are drained to make way for housing, industry and agriculture.

2. Mangrove restoration

A type of wetland, mangroves are coastal forests made up of the only trees that can thrive in salty water. These purify the water by filtering out nutrients and sediments. Mangroves grow in tropical and subtropical environments – you can find them in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Gambia, Angola and more. Indonesia has the most mangroves in the world. More than 1,500 species rely on mangroves – from herons and crabs to larger mammals like African wild dogs and the so-called ‘fishing cat’. Mangroves also act as natural carbon sinks, absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.

According to the UN Environmental Programme, they store on average 1,000 tonnes of carbon per hectare in their biomass and underlying soils. They can store this carbon for hundreds of years - if not thousands.

3. Green walls, roofs, alleys, pavements, you name it!

Getting some green on grey infrastructure can have a whole host of benefits.

According to the Royal Horticultural Society, these include:

• Improving storm water management by reducing water run-off
• Providing another layer of insulation for buildings, reducing heating needs
• Offering cooler summers by helping relieve the urban heat island effect
• Providing a home for biodiversity, particularly birds and insects
• Improving air quality
• Reducing noise pollution
• Creating beautiful displays of plants that people can enjoy

Adding some plants to alleys, streets, parking lots and more can go a long way!

Green pavements also incorporate permeable materials that allow rainwater to be absorbed, returning to the soil rather than ending up in the sewer.

4. Bioswales 

Bioswales are nature’s own water filtration systems. They look like shallow channels where polluted stormwater can sit and be purified by vegetation and soil.

They’re placed in long, narrow spaces (like the spot between the pavement and the kerb) and are designed to handle water from areas such as streets and car parks. They direct the water along a desired path and require a specific blend of special soil, gravel, drains and overflow mechanisms to help manage and purify the water.

5. Rain gardens

Rain gardens are essentially bioswales’ cousins. They consist of basin-like pits where rainwater is held until it’s absorbed into the ground. They’re meant to handle water run-off from smaller areas such as roofs and driveways.

Covered in plants, rain gardens can be as beautiful as they are functional. They also provide habitats for biodiversity. Bioswales and rain gardens are techniques often used in sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS).

6. Living breakwaters

According to the WWF, “well-developed oyster reefs can break up and absorb wave energy protecting coastlines from wave erosion and storm damage”.

Restoring oyster reefs is an NBS solution in its own right, but some engineers have taken this even further and combined these efforts with breakwaters structures.

These are offshore structures, normally made of stone or concrete, that limit wave energy by creating a barrier between open water and the shoreline. They help reduce coastal erosion.

Living breakwaters create an enabling environment for oysters or hard corals to settle.

An award-winning coastal defence system in Staten Island in the US has applied the concept. Aptly named Living Breakwaters, the structure features ridges and grooves that encourage reefs to form.

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How To Combat Corrosion; One Of The Top Threats To Bridges

Corrosion is one of the biggest controllable factors that can affect the structural integrity of bridges.

Corrosion is the gradual chemical erosion of metal. Experts find that more than 95 percent of structural damage on bridges can be traced back to some form of corrosion. It’s a particularly big factor on the four out of 10 bridges in the United States that are more than 50 years old, because most have not been treated to prevent it.

Bridges in two parts of the United States are more likely to experience significant corrosive damage:

• Northern states that frequently apply chloride-based snow and ice melting compounds to bridges.
• Coastal areas, where bridges are impacted by salt water, high humidity, and extreme storms.
• Bridges in dry locations, like deserts, are less likely to be damaged by corrosion. 

Did you know: The two biggest factors affecting the lifespan of bridges are time and how much chloride is used on them? Good design and maintenance can slow the effects of time on structures. Sound engineering coupled with leveraging-proven preventative measures can help avoid corrosive damage. 

HOW CORROSION WEAKENS BRIDGES

Corrosion affects the structural integrity of bridges in a five critical ways:

1.) REDUCES THE STRENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Corrosion lowers the effective cross section of critical structural components, which makes them perform in unexpected and unintended ways when stressed. It lowers the axial and flexural strength, which can lead to the partial or complete failure of individual elements, potentially weakening the overall structure.

Be aware: Corroded metal elements may look stable, but that doesn’t mean they’re safe. Damaged bridge parts may no longer be able to handle the loads they were designed to support. Severe shaking or extreme twisting (caused by events like an earthquake, accident, or unexpected wind) can push stress beyond the reduced capacity level. It’s important to test corroded elements and replace them immediately if they are no longer able to perform as intended.

Note: This type of degradation occurs in both steel and reinforced concrete structures.

2.) LOWERED SHEAR CAPACITY

As previously mentioned, corrosion can reduce the effective cross-sectional area of major bridge components, including beams and columns. This often reduces the shear capacity of individual sections and the ability to interact with sections connected to them. This leads to friction, vibration, and concussive action that the overall structure may not be able to sustain over time.

3.) INCREASED FATIGUE

Corrosion can also impact the fatigue strength of steel components and connections. It is known to accelerate cracking and pitting, which is often concentrated in certain areas. This can cause metal elements to break and fail. 

4.) DECREASED BOND STRENGTH

The capacity of elements built from composite materials is dependent on how the concrete and rebar interact. Steel expands when it corrodes, which diminishes the bond with the concrete it reinforces and supports. This often weakens structural components, which can contribute to failure. It’s often difficult to identify this type of damage. Use modern x-ray equipment to inspect bridge sections exposed to water and corrosive substances.

5.) DIMINISHED DUCTILITY

Corrosion lowers the ability of metal sections of bridges to bend and twist. Maintaining this integrity is critical, especially in areas that experience earthquakes, shifting traffic loads, or extreme weather, especially winds. Some of history’s greatest bridge collapses were caused by structural elements that could not flex as engineered when exposed to these conditions. It forces loads to shift in ways the structure cannot support.

HOW TO PREVENT CORROSION 

1.) Inspect bridges regularly, looking for initial signs of corrosive damage. Taking action early can help prevent more costly repairs in the future. Safe and flexible lifts make it easier to access hard-to-reach sections of bridges that are often most vulnerable to corrosion.

2.) Don’t limit inspections to primary structural elements. Also, check things like the utility infrastructure suspended under bridges. Hangers and seals are often affected by corrosive substances. If you find significant damage to utility infrastructure, consider replacing it using modern suspension systems.

3.) Apply an epoxy coating to the rebar embedded in concrete beams and pillars. This may not completely stop the corrosion process, but it will slow it considerably.

4.) Use less permeable concrete when building new structures and making repairs. It can help prevent water and chloride solutions reaching metal substructures.

5.) Apply a sealer membrane between the deck and upper driving surface. It will prevent seepage and pooling of corrosive solutions on and around vulnerable metal parts.

6.) Avoid using corrosive snow and ice melting solutions when conditions allow. Plant-based options are being tested and have been found effective in some cold weather locations.

7.) Installing heating systems makes it possible to keep bridges ice and snow free without using destructive chemicals. These systems may require a large upfront investment, but they can pay off over time, especially in cold, snowy climates. (When doing a cost benefit analysis, don’t just consider the cost of a system versus the price of chemicals over time. Also take into account the workers needed to apply melting solutions and clear snow, additional bridge maintenance and repair necessitated by using chemicals, equipment costs, and the financial impact of impassable roads on business and tax revenue.)

8.) Take advantage of bridge designs that eliminate or move the joint between the bridge and roadway off the main structure. Joints are the primary way chloride solutions seep into abutments. Placing them on the ends of bridges allows water and chloride solutions to drain away from vulnerable metal components.

9.) Repair cracks and potholes as soon as they happen. It helps prevent corrosive fluids from penetrating the road bed and damaging the substructure below.

10.) Put extra thought into designing (and retrofitting) drainage systems that push water away from vulnerable metal parts like abutments and girders. Many older bridges were built with systems that have end joints allowing water to spill directly onto girders. (Make sure drainage systems aren’t just bridge friendly but also good for the environment.)

11.) Regularly check metal elements protected by fire blankets. Older blankets sometimes hold in water and humidity, which can lead to damage and weakening over time. Modern fire blankets installed using today’s best practices can help prevent this.

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